Alex’s Notes: I happen to concur with the authors thought in this article. Much of the worlds international settlement systems have grown up for half a century around the dollar as the reserve currency, so it is unlikely this will change overnight.

There are, however, a few things that could accelerate the process. A run on the dollar by any country or group of nations that is a major holder of dollars as a part of their reserve base, Sovereign Wealth funds becoming even more aggressive than they are now in securing hard assets versus paper cash holdings, or OPEC/China deciding to divest its dollar holdings into something else, such as Euro or gold.

Another scenario that could rapidly accelerate the dollars demise includes the continued bail-outs of financial institutions by the Fed. If we are so simple as to believe the Wall Street talking heads that we are in the clear, we are being as silly as they are. The fact is less than half of the asset losses from the sub-prime fiasco of 2007 have been reported, and through 2011 we are going to see another mortgage related scenario unfold in the form of Alt-A and ARM resets that will make the sub-prime mess look like romper room in comparison. This would have a domino effect, in that as the Fed bails more failing institutions out, it will multiply not only US, but Global inflation.

Such a series of events would continue to devalue the dollar, and give ever more impetus to nations sitting on vast dollar reserves to get rid of their dollars while those dollars are still worth something. This means that those dollars will start coming home. The effect of that would be increased prices in the US for everything from food to gas to electricity (if you think it is bad now, you aint seen nothing yet!). The other effect of that would be accelerating the value the dollar, further spurring dollar holding nations to dump them.

Finally, any country that chooses to stand on its own and link its currency to a hard asset such as gold or silver would be a currency that is in high demand virtually overnight. Why stack billions in paper that is redeemable for nothing, when you can instead stack billions in paper that you can exchange for gold and silver? Our world’s governments are not stupid, and that’s exactly the way it would go.

The net effect of that would be of course changing gold and silver from commodity status back to monetary status. This isn’t a new idea, humans have used gold and silver linked to currency or as currency for thousands of years, because it is un-inflatable (if it remains pure), and forces governments to remain disciplined in their fiscal policies. It is only in the last 40 years that we have strayed from this wisdom, and we are witnessing its effects as I write this.

Societies throughout history have oscillated back and forth between currencies redeemable in things of intrinsic value, and paper that is redeemable for nothing for hundreds and thousands of years. As inflation continues to grow, inciting food riots and civil unrest around the world, the idea of having currencies that prevent the governments of the world from inflating the world’s currencies becomes ever more enticing.

This is not as far fetched as it might sound. I certainly consider it curious that China has invested so heavily into mining, mineral rights, and acquisition of operating gold and silver companies over the last ten plus years. They have made attempts at buying mega-mining companies such as Rio Tinto through proxies, they have been running all over Africa for years buying up mineral rights, they have become the worlds largest producer of gold, and China is among the top silver producers in the world. Metals are of course important to an emerging nations economy like China’s, yet gold can barely be considered an industrial metal, so why are they investing so heavily in it?

One of the primary reasons that the US Dollar became the world’s reserve currency in the first place is because it was redeemable in gold.

The Chinese are not stupid people, so as with all things we must apply ‘Cui Bono’, or ‘Who Benefits’, and ask ourselves, why are they doing this? The United States has enjoyed a unique ability to run massive trade deficits for half a century and borrow money from the entire world at low interest due to its currency status. The Chinese are hungry to move into a western style standard of living, so is it so far fetched that they would like to enjoy the same benefits?

Could the Yuan become the next reserve currency of the world? More importantly to those who understand how small the gold and silver markets are, is what effect would that have on the prices of gold and silver?

The results could be explosive to say the least.

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Dollar Reserve Status Is Tale of Fading Glory: Michael R. Sesit
Commentary by Michael R. Sesit
May 2 (Bloomberg) — Reserve currency status is like your health: Abuse it, and you risk losing it.

With the dollar’s 45 percent decline against the euro during the past six years and its 37 percent drop on a trade-weighted basis, there is a growing concern that the greenback’s six-decade reign as the world’s most important currency may be ending.

It’s not. The dollar is the world’s reserve currency, and absent some unexpected exogenous shock, will probably remain so for some time.

Nonetheless, the dollar’s premier status is under threat, especially as a store of wealth, by both foreign governments and private investors. Also, companies are using it less as a currency in which to invoice and settle international trade transactions.

Why care? Reserve currency status allows the U.S. government to borrow in its own currency, lets the U.S. run large trade deficits, and helps the government and American companies to fund themselves at low interest rates. It makes it easier for U.S. companies to do business and increases the international demand for U.S. assets.

Moreover, as the specie of choice, the dollar is blessed with seigniorage, the interest-free loan America receives from the hundreds of billions of dollars held overseas and hoarded as misfortune insurance.

Although the composition of official central-bank foreign- exchange holdings receives the lion’s share of attention when people talk about reserves, it is the private sector’s trade in goods and services that plays a dominant role in determining a currency’s international status.

Cash Reserves

Official reserves equal 33 percent of global imports, according to UBS AG. If a company in country A trades with a company in country B and the transaction is invoiced and settled in the currency of country C, that third currency will have reserve status. That’s because both companies are likely to keep cash balances in that currency.

“The dollar is the most important reserve currency in the world, but it is no longer the only reserve currency, nor even the overwhelmingly dominant choice as a reserve currency,” says Paul Donovan, a London-based economist at UBS.

When the Bretton Woods system collapsed in 1971, almost all Japanese exports were priced in dollars. Now less than half are. About 40 percent of Japan’s total exports are invoiced in yen, up from 34 percent in 2001.

Raw Materials

Seventy percent of Australia’s exports are denominated in U.S. dollars, reflecting the dominance of raw materials in their makeup. Apart from commodities, the dollar plays a smaller role. For instance, 59 percent of beverage shipments to other countries are denominated in Australian dollars, 19 percent in pounds and 16 percent in U.S. currency.

Data on country invoicing patterns are hard to come by. Still, the decline in dollars held outside the U.S. from 1.83 percent of world trade in 2002 to 1.22 percent in 2006 reflects the U.S. currency’s shrinking role as a medium of exchange.

Anecdotal evidence also suggests a trend. In November, India’s Taj Mahal said it would no longer accept dollars and take only rupees. International drug dealers are said to prefer euros to dollars.

Ditto, Copenhagen-based A.P. Moeller-Maersk A/S, whose container-shipping line, the world’s biggest, on April 1 began invoicing in euros for transporting containers from Europe and North Africa to Australia, New Zealand and the South Pacific. The shipping industry historically billed in dollars.

$4.9 Trillion

On the official side, developing countries have been steadily inching away from the dollar. Their foreign-exchange reserves surged to $4.9 trillion in 2007 from $1.2 trillion in 2000. Emerging-market countries accounted for 76 percent of total global reserves in 2007, up from 56 percent in 1997, according to the International Monetary Fund. Yet during that period, their dollar holdings shrank to 61 percent from 73 percent.

The euro has been the beneficiary, rising to 28 percent of developing-country reserves in the fourth quarter from 19 percent when the decade began.

Behind this dollar downgrade lies the U.S.’s rising debtor profile, an unpopular war in Iraq, the growing threat of trade protectionism, apprehension over the greenback’s decline and the subprime crisis.

“These factors have all conspired to weaken investor confidence in the buck and undermine the dollar’s position as the world’s top currency,” says Joseph Quinlan, New York-based chief market strategist at Bank of America Capital Management.

Asian and oil-exporting central banks also hold more dollars than they prudently need and are seeking to diversify their portfolios away from their traditional preference for highly liquid, relatively low-yielding Treasuries.

No Allegiance Owed

Many countries — including China, Russia, Kuwait, Singapore and Norway — are transferring tens of billions of dollars to sovereign wealth funds. Long-term investors with mandates to maximize returns, these entities owe no allegiance to the U.S. currency and over time their investments will probably result in their governments’ holding fewer dollars.

The durability of the dollar’s reserve-currency status owes more to the absence of a challenger than sound U.S. policies. The euro is hobbled by the lack of a single, pan-European capital market and its being a hybrid currency used by a mix of countries yet owned by none.

China’s yuan is a potential contender, but not until that currency becomes fully convertible, the nation’s financial markets more developed and internationally recognized laws more established — which is years away. Japan, meanwhile, has always resisted the yen being a reserve currency.

It isn’t ordained that the dollar surrender its position as the world’s go-to currency. Yet if Americans insist on living beyond their means, eschew sound fiscal policies, ignore the greenback’s weakness and remain tempted by protectionism, the dollar will in small bites begin to mimic the British pound — the currency of a once proud but spent imperial power.

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This entry was posted on Sunday, May 4th, 2008 at 10:03 am and is filed under 1 - Gold, 3 - Understanding The Economy, Collapse of the Dollar, Currencies. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.